The Basics of Dark Matter Theory

Dark matter theory is a fundamental concept in astrophysics that accounts for invisible mass in the cosmos. Unlike regular matter that makes up stars, planets, and humans, dark matter does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, which makes it extremely hard to observe directly.
Scientists first introduced the concept of dark matter to explain anomalies in the motion of galaxies. Observations of galactic rotation curves and gravitational lensing indicate that there is additional invisible matter affecting gravity.
It is estimated that dark matter constitutes nearly a third of the total cosmic mass-energy content, while ordinary matter makes up only about 5%. The rest of the universe is composed of dark energy, which drives cosmic expansion.
Several candidates for dark matter have been proposed, including WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), axions, and sterile neutrinos. Such hypothetical particles would exert gravitational effects but remain invisible to telescopes.
Dark matter theory also plays a critical role in cosmology and astrophysics. For example, dark matter helps form galaxies, clusters, and large-scale structures. Without dark matter, the universe would not have its observed structure.
Detecting dark matter include direct detection experiments, particle colliders, and astronomical observations. While no definitive detection has been made yet, ongoing research continues to narrow down the possibilities and test theoretical models.
Some scientists propose modifications to gravity attempt to address galactic anomalies using modified gravity models, but dark matter remains the most widely accepted explanation.
In conclusion, the study of dark matter is a fundamental concept for understanding the cosmos. By studying dark matter and its gravitational effects, scientists aim to understand the invisible mass shaping the universe.
Although unseen, dark matter governs the behavior of galaxies and large-scale structures, and continued research may one day reveal its true nature.